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Reported speech - Косвенная речь (используется для передачи чужих слов и имеет свои правила).
1) При преобразовании прямой речи в косвенную, если глагол основного предложения стоит в настоящем времени,
то время глагола придаточного предложения не меняется.
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He
My friend
His mother
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says |
(that ) |
------- ======== .......... |
My friend says that he lives in Moscow.
His girlfriend says that she has been to Spain twice.
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They
Our friends
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say |
They say that they are in Europe now.
My parents say that they love me.
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Например:
Lena: I like music. - Lena says that she likes music.
Peter: I was there. - Peter says that he was there.
2) Если глагол основного предложения стоит в одном из прошедших времен, происходит согласование времен.
Глагол придаточного предложения уходит на 1 время назад.
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am / is - was
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do / does - did
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may - might
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are - were
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can - could
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shall - should
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V1 - V2
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will - would
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must/ have / has to - had to
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V 2 - V2/ had V3
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have / has - had
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Обстоятельство времени и места
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today - that day
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last year - the year before
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now - then
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tonight - that night
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next year - the following year
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this - that
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| yesterday - the day before |
this evening - that evening |
these - those
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| tomorrow - the next day |
a week ago - a week before |
here - there
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Примеры:
| Прямая речь |
косвенная речь |
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1. Susan said: "I like ice cream."
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Susan said that she liked ice cream. |
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2. The Browns said: "We are at home now."
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The Browns said they were at home then. |
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3. Carol said: "Her father is sitting at the table."
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Carol said that her father was sitting at the table. |
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4. Mother said: "My son always goes to bed early."
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Mother said that her son always went to bed early. |
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5. Mrs Smith said: "I often drive to London this year."
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Mrs Smith said that she often drove to London that year. |
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6. Bill said: "I'm going to watch TV tonight."
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Bill said he was going to watch TV that night. |
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7. She said: "We had a day away at the beach."
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She said that they had had a day away at the beach. |
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8. He said: "My mum took us to the cinema last week."
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He said that his mum had taken them to the cinema
the week before / the previous week.
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9. He said: "We have never seen such a beautiful view"
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He said that they had never seen such a beautiful view. |
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10. Mrs Brown said: "We went to the theater
yesterday".
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Mrs Brown said that they had gone to the theater the day before.
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11. He said: " I will call you tomorrow"
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He said that he would call me the next day / the following day..
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12. She said: "I can always help you".
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She said that she could always help me/ us. |
Косвенный вопрос:
*строится по типу утвердительного предложения (___ ===== ....)
* не нужны вспомогательные глаголы do/ does/ did
* не нужен вопросительный знак в конце предложения
* вводятся союзами if / whether (ли) - если это общий вопрос (без вопросительного слова)
или вопросительными союзами when/ why/ what/ where/ how etc - если это специальный вопрос (с вопросительным словом)
* действует правило согласования времен
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Прямой вопрос
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Косвенный вопрос
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Where do you live?
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My friend asked me where I lived.
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What is her name?
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My friend asked what her name was.
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Why was nobody at home?
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My friend asked why nobody had been at home
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When did they lose their way?
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My mother asked when they had lost their way.
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Are you from England?
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They asked if/ whether I was from England.
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Does your sister speak English?
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He asked if/ whether my sister spoke English.
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Просьбы и приказы в косвенной речи:
вводятся глаголами ask (просить), tell (говорить), order (приказывать) , remind (напоминать), advise (советовать) и т.д.
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Кто-то
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попросил
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кого-то
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сделать что-то / не делать чего-то
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He
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asked
told
advised
reminded
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me
him
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to do (сделать что-либо)
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She
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not to do (не делать чего-либо)
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They
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The teacher
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Our teacher told us to learn the poem by heart.
She advised me to buy that dress.
They reminded us not to open the door to unknown people.
Видео по теме от JenniferESL
Онлайн упражнения:
Reported speech 1 Reported_speech_6
Reported speech 2 Reported_speech_7
Reported speech 3 Reported_speech_8
Reported speech 4 Reported_speech_9
Reported speech 5 Reported_speech_10
Упражнения из учебника Голицынского | 
